en ارزیابی خطر Risk assessment پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background</strong>: Pre-hospital paramedics providing immediate care to patients with contagious disease are at a high risk of infection. This study aimed to assess the exposure risk and risk management practices of pre-hospital paramedics during the COVID-19 pandemic.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 335 paramedics from 49 emergency medical stations in two cities located in northwestern of Iran, who were recruited through census. Data were collected using a World Health Organization (WHO) questionnaire to assess the COVID-19 exposure risk among health workers.<br> <strong>Results</strong>: The results showed that the highest risk of exposure (86.0%) was in the domain of occupational exposure, and 55.2% of paramedics were at high risk of exposure to COVID-19. Among paramedics, 95.2% used personal protective equipment (PPE) when caring for patients and 93.1% when performing aerosol-generating procedures.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: A significant number of pre-hospital paramedics were found to be at high exposure risk to COVID-19 during ambulance missions. Therefore, adherence to contact and droplet precautions, implementation of airborne precautions during aerosol-generating procedures, access to appropriate PPE, proper use of PPE, and participation in appropriate training courses may lead to improved exposure risk management and enhance their safety.</div> COVID-19, Emergency, Occupational exposure, Paramedic 139 150 http://hdq.uswr.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-604-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Karim Javanmardi javanmardiems@gmail.com 0000-0002-5961-968x No Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. Hosein Feizollahzadeh feizollahzadehh@tbzmed.ac.ir 0000-0001-5142-109x No Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Neda Gilani neda.gilani@gmail.com 0000-0002-5399-0277 No Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Abbas Dadashzadeh ddshzd@yahoo.com 0000-0002-2432-1904 Yes Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Javad Dehghannejad javadehghan@gmail.com 0000-0003-1304-4726 No Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.