fa تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background:</strong> Traffic accidents are among the important health issues that threaten human&nbsp;life. Children are among the main victims of these accidents. This research aimed to study the&nbsp;epidemiology of fatal and nonfatal road traffic accidents and their outcomes in children and&nbsp;adolescents in Shahroud, Iran.<br> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This descriptive and analytical study was conducted from July to&nbsp;December 2011. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. After verifying&nbsp;its content validity and reliability, the questionnaire was completed by emergency medical&nbsp;technicians. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (the Chi-square&nbsp;test).<br> <strong>Results:</strong> Of 363 studied cases, the majority of accidents happened in July with 108 (29.8%)&nbsp;cases and on Thursdays (18.7%). About 89.3% of drivers were male and aged 39 to 40 years&nbsp;(44.6%). Most accidents happened during 8 to 12 AM (23.7%). Moreover, 21.28% (1161&nbsp;persons) of all injured people and 18.75% (48 persons) of all deceased victims were children&nbsp;under 14 years old. None of the victims under 14 years of age used protective tools. Head and&nbsp;spine trauma, respectively, were reported as the most common injury in this age group. There&nbsp;was no significant differences between victims aged less and more than 14 years old in terms&nbsp;of spinal cord injury (P=0.03).<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to take some basic actions&nbsp;such as improving roads, identification of black spots, installation of warning signs at those&nbsp;points, and extending controls and supervisions by police. It is also very important to use&nbsp;standard protective tools for children and adolescents, force rules for using appropriate safety<br> equipment for this age group, and provide public trainings for the people to raise their level of&nbsp;awareness.</p> Accident, Traffic, Child, Adolescent 97 104 http://hdq.uswr.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-134-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Hossein Ebrahimi h_ebrahimi43@yahoo.com No Health-Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahrud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran. Mahdi Sadeghi mahdisadeghi@shmu.ac.ir Yes Disaster and Emergency Medical Management Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran. Ali Akbar Azami mhdsadeghi12@gmail.com No Disaster and Emergency Medical Management Center, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran. Milad Bazghaleh amirzargari123@gmail.com No Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.