en ارزیابی خطر Risk assessment پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="line-height:2;"><b><span lang="EN-AU">Background</span></b><span lang="EN-AU">: Fire incidents in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) in Indonesia continue to occur frequently due to structural vulnerabilities, weak safety protocols, and low student preparedness. However, empirical research specifically addressing fire readiness in pesantren remains limited.</span><br> <b><span lang="EN-AU">Objective:</span></b><span lang="EN-AU"> This study examined levels of fire preparedness among pesantren students in Jambi City by assessing risk awareness, self-efficacy, participation in fire training, and involvement in the maintenance of safety facilities.</span><br> <b><span lang="EN-AU">Methods:</span></b><span lang="EN-AU"> A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted with 1,857 students from 10 Islamic boarding schools using a 31-item Fire Preparedness Questionnaire developed for the pesantren context. Content validity was established through expert judgment (CVR and CVI), while construct validity was tested using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Reliability was assessed using Cronbach&rsquo;s alpha. Data were analyzed descriptively to classify preparedness levels.</span><br> <b><span lang="EN-AU">Results:</span></b><span lang="EN-AU"> Most students were classified as moderately prepared (59.1%), followed by unprepared (36.5%) and highly prepared (4.4%). Although general risk awareness was adequate, students demonstrated low confidence in managing emergencies and limited involvement in fire drills and equipment maintenance.</span><br> <b><span lang="EN-AU">Conclusion:</span></b><span lang="EN-AU"> Fire preparedness in pesantren remains insufficient, particularly in practical readiness and self-efficacy. Strengthening simulation-based training, improving inspection routines, and integrating disaster education into the pesantren curriculum are urgently recommended.</span></span></span></span></div> Islamic boarding schools, fire preparedness, disaster risk reduction, risk awareness, self-efficacy 0 0 http://hdq.uswr.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-666-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Andi Subandi andisubandi@unja.ac.id Yes Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jambi University, Indonesia. Dwi Noerjoedianto dwi_noerjoedianto@unja.ac.id No Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jambi University, Indonesia. Nurhusna Nurhusna nurhusna@unja.ac.id No Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jambi University, Indonesia. Yosi Oktarina oktarinayosi@unja.ac.id No Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jambi University, Indonesia. Riska Amalya Nasution riskanasution@unja.ac.id No Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jambi University, Indonesia.