per
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences
Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly
2345-4210
2345-4210
2017-10
3
1
3
10
article
Mental Health Challenges in Immigrant and Refugee Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Meysam Safi Keykaleh
meysam.safi@yahoo.com
1
Katayoon Jahangiri
katayounjahangiri@yahoo.com
2
Shahnaz Tabatabaie
tabshahnaz@yahoo.com
3
Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Ergonomics, School of Health Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background: Half of the world’s refugees comprise children and adolescents. Confronting conflicts and difficulties before, during, and after migration and seeking asylum affect their mental health. The present study aimed at investigating the challenges of mental health of migrant and refugee adolescents and children.
Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted in the second half of 2016 using PubMed, Scopus, Magiran, SID, and Google Scholar databases. From the 2014 studies initially selected, 20 articles that specifically attended to examining the mental health of migrant and refugee adolescents and children were finally extracted.
Results: According to previous studies, the refugee adolescents and children encounter much harm. In addition to psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, post-trauma stress disorder and psychosomatic pains, this group of refugees also suffers from a decline in flexibility and behavioral and cognitive functions. These conditions have been reported more often in refugee adolescents and children who have been separated from their parents or left far away from them.
Conclusion: Before a crisis occurs, policymakers and planners should formulate and implement educational programs along with the participation of parents and teachers in order for children to cope with conditions of disasters, and in order to promote the culture of resilience. The health system, while developing special care programs must prioritize the training of its employees in order to provide services. Most studies have attended to the incidence of symptoms of refugees’ psychological disorders, while it seems necessary to conduct intervention studies with the aim of identifying elements of risk and ways to resolve these elements.
http://hdq.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-176-en.pdf
Mental health
Refugees
Asylum seekers
Adolescents
Child
per
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences
Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly
2345-4210
2345-4210
2017-10
3
1
11
20
article
Effect of Stress Management Training Based on PRECEDE Model on Prehospital Emergency Staff Occupational Tension in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2016
Gholamreza Esmailzadeh Gatabi
esmailzadeh1350@gmail.com
1
Zahra Jalili
Zahra.jalili@gmail.com
2
Rabiollah Farmanbar
farmanbar@gums.ac.ir
3
Department of Health Education and Promotion, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Health Education and Promotion, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Background: One of the most important sources of tension in everyone’s life is their job. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of stress management training using the PRECEDE model on the occupational tension of the pre-hospital emergency staff.
Materials and Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental field trial controlled study that included emergency medical technicians from 115 emergency center for disaster management and 78 urban and road base in the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. According to the inclusion criteria, the subjects were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=65) and control groups (n=65). Data were collected using the stress factors questionnaire and questionnaire based on PRECEDE model. After the pretest, according to the results of the PRECEDE model-based instruction in 2 days, every 4 hours during 5 separate meeting it was.
Results: After the training, the variables of predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling, and the behavior in the intervention group increased significantly (P<0.05) compared to the control group. The mean score of occupational tension in the intervention group reduced from 3.18 to 2.49.
Conclusion: The findings showed that education based on PRECEDE model increases the predisposing factor (knowledge and attitude), reinforcing factor, and enhancer factor. These factors have the potential to affect the behavior more effectively. According to this, educational intervention based on PRECEDE model structures is effective on job stress and behavior. Researchers have suggested training on this pattern.
http://hdq.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-142-en.pdf
EMS
Occupational stress
Stressors
Technicians
Tension
eng
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences
Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly
2345-4210
2345-4210
2017-10
3
1
21
30
article
Risk Assessment of Surgical Procedures in a Referral Hospital
Fatemeh Rezaei
1
Mohammad Yarmohammadian
2
Yasamin Molavi Taleghani
3
Hojjat Sheikhbardsiri
hojat.sheikhbardsiri@gmail.com
4
Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Faculty of Management and Medical Informatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Health Management and Economics Research Center, Faculty of Management and Medical Informatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Faculty of Management and Medical Informatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Student Research Committee, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Background: Adverse Events (AEs) due to failure in healthcare procedures are common. These procedures are often evaluated independently. The objectives of this study are to investigate the nature of the failures in healthcare procedures of the surgical patients, assessing the frequency of these failures and preventability, and exploring their consequences, underlying causes, and prevention strategies in a referral hospital in the center of Iran.
Materials and Methods: This study is a prospective quantitative and qualitative research. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) meetings have been conducted to understand potential failures, their consequences, causes, and prevention strategies. Afterwards, the frequencies of these concepts have been determined separately in predefined subcategories in each step of the process.
Results: The first phase of the patient care process was the most risk-prone phase. Temporary or permanent disability at the time of discharge (final impacts), inflammation/infection (injuries), the rule-based behavior associated with coordination (causes), information and communication, preventability more than 50 were the most frequent failures and had achieved the highest score.
Conclusion: Failures of healthcare processes are preventable to a high degree, although patients injure frequently. Interventions to mitigate these failures will enhance the reliability of surgical procedures.
http://hdq.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-163-en.pdf
Risk assessment
Patient care management
Health risk
Patient safety
Surgical procedures
eng
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences
Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly
2345-4210
2345-4210
2017-10
3
1
31
38
article
Driver’s Effective Factors in Traffic Accident: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed Methods
Azam Saei
saei.azam@yahoo.com
1
Ali Rahmani
rahmani4143@gmail.com
2
Abbas Ebadi
ebadi1347@yahoo.com
3
Hamid Reza Khankeh
hamid.khankeh@ki.se
4
Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Military Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Medical Surgery, Faculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Background: Human factors have the most significant effects on the occurrence of traffic accidents among the three factors of human, road, and vehicle. The driver is a significant traffic safety concern. Interventions that enhance driver’s safety are required. Risky behaviors of drivers on the road influence physical healthy and personality. The aim of this study is to report the protocol for a sequential explanatory mixed methods study that set out to determine the drivers’ traffic factors, the associated factors and exploring the perception of drivers about the risky traffic factors on the road. The ultimate purpose of the study is to design a preventive and cultural based strategy to promote driver’s safety.
Materials and Methods: This is a sequential explanatory mixed methods design. The study has two sequential strands. The follow-up explanation model has used to develop the quantitative results by gathering qualitative data from participants who could assist in elucidating the results correctly. During the first strand (a quantitative phase) and a population-based cross-sectional survey of a sample of drivers of all ages and level of experiences will be carried out using the proportional random sampling method, in Tehran, Iran. Data will be collected by questionnaires involving items on socio-demographic information, items on measuring health (Drivers Medical Questionnaire), and questions on five-factor Personality (NEO-FFI), drivers risky behaviors (Manchester driving behavior questionnaire). Questionnaires will be completed through a face-to-face interview. In the second strand, a qualitative study will be conducted. A purposeful sampling strategy will be used, and participants who can help to explain the quantitative findings will be selected. Individual fully developed interviews will predominate data collection in the qualitative strand the. A qualitative content analysis approach will be undertaken to create an itemized understanding of the traffic-risky behaviors among drivers of all ages and level of experiences.
Conclusion: The findings of this explanatory mixed methods study will provide information on traffic-risky behaviors by all drivers. The results will be implemented to design a cultural based strategy, and intervention programs are to be designed to promote driver’s health in the community.
http://hdq.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.pdf
Explanatory mixed methods
Human factors
Drivers
Traffic accidents
per
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences
Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly
2345-4210
2345-4210
2017-10
3
1
39
50
article
Investigation of the Psychosocial Factors Affecting High Risk Driving Behaviors in Adolescents in the City of Tehran, 2014
Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Javadi
javadismh4@gmail.com
1
Siyamak Tahmasebi
siyamak.tahmasebi@gmail.com
2
Taherh Azari Arghun
tahereazari@gmail.com
3
Forugh Edrisi
forough.edrissi@gmail.com
4
Esmail Soltani
atajlili@gmail.com
5
Sa'adollah Hashemi
smhjavadi@yahoo.com
6
Alirza Tajlili
smhjavadi@yahoo.com
7
Nader Rahmani
javadismh4@gmail.comد
8
Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Preschool, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Iran Association of Social Workers, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
Country Coordinating Mechanism Committee, The Global Fund, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Traffic Safety, Faculty of Guidance and Driving Sciences, Amin Police University, Tehran, Iran.
Background: Driving accidents are among the most important causes of mortality in the world in recent years. In Iran, especially in major cities such as Tehran, this issue has become a prevalent social problem. More importantly, adolescents and young people constitute the majority of the victims of traffic accidents. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the psychosocial dimensions affecting high risk driving behaviors in adolescents in the age group between 12 to 17 years, in the city of Tehran.
Materials and Methods: The present study has taken a quantitative (correlation) approach by selecting a sample of 537 adolescents aged between 12 to 17 years and the psychosocial factors affecting high risk driving behaviors were assessed. The samples were selected by a Stratified-cluster method from the insurance company, hospitals and education correctional centers.
Results: Our study demonstrate that among psychological factors, three determinants, namely national religious identity, attitude toward laws and rules, and aggression were able to predict high risk behaviors in boys group with coefficient of B, 0.24, and 0.16, respectively; while the strongest predictor of high risk behavior is national religious identity. On the other hand, in the girls’ group, two factors, namely autocratic parenting and attitude toward law and rules were able to predict high risk behaviors with coefficients of B, 0.19, and 0.18, respectively; while the strongest predictor was the autocratic style of parenting. Among social factors, our findings show that participation in the plan to cooperate with traffic police with coefficients of Beta 0.26 and 0.21, respectively, is the strongest predictor of high risk behavior in adolescent boys and girls.
Conclusion: Among predictor variables aggression, law breaking behavior, and national religious identity can better predict driving accidents, attitude toward law, and high risk behaviors. Aggression, attitude, and law breaking behavior are considered as abnormal behaviors that lead to legal problems, delinquencies, substance abuse and other destructive behaviors among adolescents and consequently cause damage, injury and disabilities in themselves and others. Moreover, involvement in aggressive behaviors can play a critical role in creating and exacerbating new behavioral problems in adolescents, and those problems are carried over immutably at the later stages of their life.
http://hdq.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-162-en.pdf
High risk behaviors
Psychological social factors
Adolescents
per
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences
Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly
2345-4210
2345-4210
2017-10
3
1
51
56
article
Knowledge and Attitudes of Students in Khalkhal Medical Sciences Faculty on Health Actions in Emergencies
Abdollah Dargahi
a.dargahi29@yahoo.com
1
Susan Bagheri
2
Mohsen Poursadeghiyan
poursadeghiyan@gmail.com
3
Mir Mohammad Hosseini Ahagh
4
Mehrdad Farrokhi
me.farrokhi@uswr.ac.ir
5
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Research Center in Emergency and Disaster Health, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Public Health, Khalkhal School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Research Center in Emergency and Disaster Health, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background: Health measures in an emergency are one of the cases where damage caused by disasters can be reduced with proper implementation, and the health crisis can be controlled. This requires awareness and knowledge of health and rescue authorities, students, and even people in an emergency situation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge of students’ and attitude in Khalkhal Medical School in the field of emergency health measures.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-cross sectional study, which was conducted in the 2013-2014 school year in Khalkhal Medical School using a researcher-made questionnaire. Designed questionnaire include questions about personal information, level of knowledge (10 questions) and attitude (10 questions) towards health measures in an emergency. This study was conducted among 200 students who were either in semester 5 or higher. The sampling method was of census-type. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Alpha Cronbach’s Coefficient obtained to be 0.8. To compare mean scores in different groups, one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, and independent T-test were used.
Results: The results showed that 8% of students were well aware, 65.5% were moderately aware, and 26% were poorly aware. In addition, 29% of them had right attitude, 15% had moderate attitude, and 9% had a poor attitude towards health measures in emergencies. Among different disciplines regarding knowledge and attitude, no significant difference was observed (P<0.05) and there was a significant difference between age groups regarding the level of knowledge and attitude (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that there was no significant difference in knowledge and attitude towards health measures in emergencies among students. Moreover, the results showed that some of the fields under study had a relatively small understanding of health measures in emergencies. Therefore, to enhance their level of knowledge, the need for more detailed planning is felt, and courses should be included for students of the University of Medical Sciences in this regard.
http://hdq.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-174-en.pdf
Knowledge and attitude
Health measures
Emergencies
Students
per
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences
Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly
2345-4210
2345-4210
2017-10
3
1
57
63
article
Preparedness of Nurses for Crises and Disasters in Imam Khomeini and Social Security Hospitals of Saqqez
Mohammad Farajzadeh
M.farajzadeh1987@gmail.com
1
Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
ghanei@muk.ac.ir
2
Mehdi Beiramijam
M_beyramijam@yahoo.com
3
Sahar Dalvand
S_dalvand91@yahoo.com
4
Sarkawt Ghawsi
mohammadfj1978@gmail.com
5
Hadi Amini
mohammadfj1978@gmail.com
6
Imam Khomeini Hospital of Saghez, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Research Center in Emergency and Disaster Health, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Imam Khomeini Hospital of Saqqez, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Imam Khomeini Hospital of Saqqez, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Background: Disasters outside of human control can severely affect public health. In addition, the lack of appropriate planning and preparedness to face disasters can exacerbate the problems emerging from disasters. The current study aimed to determine the preparedness of nurses in facing disasters.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 257 nurses of the Imam Khomeini and Tamin Ejtemaei hospitals of Saqqez in 2017 using the census method. Demographic forms and a questionnaire consisting of knowledge, attitude, and performance were used to collect data.
Results: In this study, there were 86(33.5%) men and 171(66.5%) women with the mean age of 33.9±7.3 years. The mean score of knowledge (36±11.9), attitude (65.3±11.02), performance (51.9±27.5), and preparedness (153.2±31.3) was higher than that of the average values. The result showed that knowledge was correlated with age (P=0.010). Also, there was a correlation of attitude with marriage (P=0.017) and performance with gender (P=0.0103) and management experience (P=0.002).
Conclusion: The result of the study showed that the score preparedness of the nurses was average, which was undesirable. It is recommended that the nurses should be provided continuous training to deal with disasters by creating an appropriate environment and motivating them to improve preparedness conditions.
http://hdq.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-156-en.pdf
Disasters
Preparedness
Nurse