eng
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences
Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly
2345-4210
2345-4210
2016-01
1
2
65
70
article
Approaches to Post-disaster Environmental Recovery
Mehrdad Farrokhi
mfarokhikhb@yahoo.com
1
Zahra Abbasi Dolatabadi
zahra_abasi2000@yahoo.com
2
Shahrzad Pakjouei
sh_pakjouei@yahoo.com
3
Vahideh Pouyesh
poyeshv@gmail.com
4
Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran.
Background: Environment and its ecosystems are affected by various natural and man-made disasters. The environmental management in disasters tries to protect ecosystems, sustain development, reduce disaster risk, and adapt to or decrease the impact of climate change. This study aimed to investigate the impact of disasters on the environment and methods of reducing these effects.
Materials and Methods: This review study was conducted by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, UNEP, SID, and Magiran databases using keywords of “environment”, “disasters”, “recovery”, and “lessons learned” from 1999 to 2015.
Results: Decrease in surface and groundwater resources, pollution of water resources, deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, air pollution and extinction of animal species are among post-disaster environmental damages. As a result of such changes in the environment and ecosystem, water shortage and drought, loss of vegetation, and food insecurity will ensue. Due to these destructive incidents, the people’s ability to provide necessary resources for living decreases and their very lives are threatened. Consequently, they are forced to immigrate to save their lives.
Conclusion: Environmental recovery is one of the effective strategies for achieving sustainable development. In this regard, public and private organizations as well as international ones and people should work together. Responsible organizations, the stakeholders at different levels, and the public must be trained in this area and introduced to the latest international standards. Rules and policies should be reviewed and revised in accordance with today’s needs and international standards.
http://hdq.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-544-en.pdf
Disasters
Environment
Recovery
Disaster management
Sustainable development
per
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences
Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly
2345-4210
2345-4210
2016-01
1
2
71
78
article
Health Consequences and Management of Explosive Events
Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh
ostadtaghizadeh@gmail.com
1
Seyedeh Vahideh Soleimani
soleimany.sv@gmail.com
2
Ali Ardalan
aardalan@gmail.com
3
Department of Disaster and Public Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Urban Management, School of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Disaster and Public Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background: Explosive events refer to events, either natural or man-made, that occur advertently or accidentally. This article aimed to study epidemiology of explosive events and investigate the health consequences of such events. It also aimed to discuss the prevention and management of these events from a healthcare provision viewpoint.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study comprised 2 sections. First, following an extensive review of the literature, a database, containing the related articles was developed. Then, the core research group drafted the first adapted version of the results. Using a Delphi panel methodology, the results were finalized based on the consensus of 11 experts.
Results: Terrorist explosion is the most common type and of ever-growing explosions worldwide. It accounts for the largest proportion of casualties caused by man-made events. Health consequences of explosions can be classified into physical, mental, and social ones, which can appear immediately or a long time after the event and affect individuals, families, and societies.
Conclusion: Because of the wide range and adverse impacts of explosions, healthcare authorities and staff should have a good grasp of preventive principles, as well as protection and management of explosion sites. Besides they have to be familiar with treating the injured. It is recommended that training courses and simulated explosive events be designed and run by the healthcare sector.
http://hdq.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-38-en.pdf
Explosions
Adverse effects
Prevention
Management
per
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences
Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly
2345-4210
2345-4210
2016-01
1
2
89
96
article
The Effect of Risk Reduction Intervention on Earthquake Disaster Preparedness of the Elderly People
Kian Nourozi
1
Elmnaz Saeli
saely5742@yahoo.com
2
Hamidreza Khankeh
hamid.khankeh@ki.se
3
Seyed Habibollah Kavari
kavarih@gmail.com
4
Pouria Rezasoltani
p_rsoltani@yahoo.com
5
Behrouz Fathi
behrooz_f2011@yahoo.com
6
Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences,Tehran, Iran.
Department of Geriatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences,Tehran, Iran.
Department of Rehabilitation, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences,Tehran, Iran.
Department of IT, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Dr Sajedi Hadishahr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Background: Because of vulnerability of the elders in disasters, preparedness of this group is very important in reducing the damages caused by the earthquake. Therefore, the present study designed and conducted with the purpose of developing interventions to increase earthquake preparedness and risk reduction in the elderly people living in Hadishahr Jolfa City, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest design and a control group. Fifty community dwelling elderly people were selected through simple random sampling method from 2 health centers and randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. Intervention program consisted of educational sessions with slideshows, group discussions, and sending reminder materials to their addresses a week later. The data were collected using the researcher developed preparedness questionnaire consisting of 58 items with 4 subscales (communication, environmental, during and after earthquake period). Inferential analyses of data, including analysis of covariance was done by SPSS version 16.
Results: The findings showed that scores in all subscales of earthquake preparedness (communication, environment, during and after earthquake) significantly increased after educational intervention (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Preparedness programs for disaster risk reduction has a positive effect on the elders’ preparedness. Thus, similar multimodal preparedness programs should be used more frequently for this vulnerable community citizens.
http://hdq.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-68-en.pdf
Risk reduction
Disaster Relief planning
Earthquake
Elders
per
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences
Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly
2345-4210
2345-4210
2016-01
1
2
97
104
article
Epidemiological Study of Fatal and Nonfatal Road Traffic Accidents and Their Outcomes on Children and Adolescents in Shahroud, Iran
Hossein Ebrahimi
h_ebrahimi43@yahoo.com
1
Mahdi Sadeghi
mahdisadeghi@shmu.ac.ir
2
Ali Akbar Azami
mhdsadeghi12@gmail.com
3
Milad Bazghaleh
amirzargari123@gmail.com
4
Health-Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahrud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
Disaster and Emergency Medical Management Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
Disaster and Emergency Medical Management Center, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
Background: Traffic accidents are among the important health issues that threaten human life. Children are among the main victims of these accidents. This research aimed to study the epidemiology of fatal and nonfatal road traffic accidents and their outcomes in children and adolescents in Shahroud, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive and analytical study was conducted from July to December 2011. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. After verifying its content validity and reliability, the questionnaire was completed by emergency medical technicians. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (the Chi-square test).
Results: Of 363 studied cases, the majority of accidents happened in July with 108 (29.8%) cases and on Thursdays (18.7%). About 89.3% of drivers were male and aged 39 to 40 years (44.6%). Most accidents happened during 8 to 12 AM (23.7%). Moreover, 21.28% (1161 persons) of all injured people and 18.75% (48 persons) of all deceased victims were children under 14 years old. None of the victims under 14 years of age used protective tools. Head and spine trauma, respectively, were reported as the most common injury in this age group. There was no significant differences between victims aged less and more than 14 years old in terms of spinal cord injury (P=0.03).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to take some basic actions such as improving roads, identification of black spots, installation of warning signs at those points, and extending controls and supervisions by police. It is also very important to use standard protective tools for children and adolescents, force rules for using appropriate safety
equipment for this age group, and provide public trainings for the people to raise their level of awareness.
http://hdq.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.pdf
Accident
Traffic
Child
Adolescent
per
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences
Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly
2345-4210
2345-4210
2016-01
1
2
105
110
article
Psychosocial Rehabilitation: Some Lessons Learned From Natural Disaster in Iran
Fardin Alipour
1
Hamidreza Khankeh
hamid.khankeh@ki.se
2
Mohammad Sabzi
3
Shokoufeh Ahmadi
4
Isa Malmir
5
Department of Social Work, Research Center of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Research Center of Health Management, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background: Disasters have adverse impacts on different aspects of human life. Psychosocial Rehabilitation is one of the fields which is usually overshadowed and ignored by physical rehabilitation or its importance does not receive proper attention. This research attempts to study some lessons learned from Psychosocial Rehabilitation based on disaster experiences in Iran.
Materials and Methods: This study has a conventional qualitative content analysis design. The participants of study were 15 people with direct experience of earthquake and 12 experts in this field. The study sample was selected by purposeful sampling method and the data were collected by semi-structured interviews.
Results: Lack of a suitable system to deliver Psychosocial Rehabilitation, challenge in establishing balance between short-term and long-term social and mental needs, lack of mental and social experts, inefficiency in using social capital and capacities are the most important lessons learned in this field.
Conclusion: Lack of awareness of mental and social problems of affected people after disaster is one of the most important barriers in successful and stable rehabilitation. Psychosocial Rehabilitation requires a suitable structure and planning for all stages of disaster management.
http://hdq.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-91-en.pdf
Disasters
Earthquakes
Psychosocial rehabilitation
Iran
eng
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences
Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly
2345-4210
2345-4210
2016-01
1
2
111
118
article
Hospitals Capability in Response to Disasters Considering Surge Capacity Approach
Gholamreza Khademipour
1
Hojat Sheikh Bardsiri
hojat.sheikhbardsiri@gmail.com
2
Mohammad Hossein Yar Mohammadian
3
Mahmoud Nekuyi Moghadam
4
Technical Deputy of Disaster and Emergency Medical Management Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran.
Research Center of Health Economics, Management and Health Economics School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Research Center of Health Economics, Management and Information Sciences School. Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, Management and Medical Informatics School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Background: The man-made and natural disasters have adverse effects with sound, apparent, and unknown consequences. Among various components of disaster management in health sector, the most important role is performed by health-treatment systems, especially hospitals. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the surge capacity of hospitals of Kerman
Province in disaster in 2015.
Materials and Methods: This is a quantitative study, conducted on private, military, and medical sciences hospitals of Kerman Province. The sampling method was total count and data collection for the research was done by questionnaire. The first section of the questionnaire included demographic information of the studied hospitals and second part examined the
hospital capacity in response to disasters in 4 fields of equipment, physical space, human resources, and applied programs. The extracted data were analyzed by descriptive statistics.
Results: The mean capability of implementing the surge capacity programs by hospitals of Kerman Province in disasters and in 4 fields of equipment, physical space, human resources, and applied programs was evaluated as 7.33% (weak). The surge capacity capability of state hospitals in disasters was computed as 8% and compared to private hospitals (6.07%) had a
more suitable condition.
Conclusion: Based on the results of study and significance of preparedness of hospitals in response to disasters, it is proposed that managers of studied hospitals take measures to promote the hospital response capacity to disasters based on 4 components of increasing hospital capacity.
http://hdq.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-85-en.pdf
Capability
Surge capacity
Hospital
Disaster