دوره 3، شماره 1 - ( Autumn 2017 -- 1396 )
جلد 3 شماره 1 صفحات 10-3 |
برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Safi Keykaleh M, Jahangiri K, Tabatabaie S. Mental Health Challenges in Immigrant and Refugee Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly 2017; 3 (1) :3-10
URL: http://hdq.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-176-fa.html
URL: http://hdq.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-176-fa.html
صفی کیکله میثم، جهانگیری کتایون، طباطبایی شهناز. Mental Health Challenges in Immigrant and Refugee Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. فصلنامه سلامت در حوادث و بلایا. 1396; 3 (1) :3-10
1- دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی ، meysam.safi@yahoo.com
2- دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی
2- دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی
چکیده: (35008 مشاهده)
Background: Half of the world’s refugees comprise children and adolescents. Confronting conflicts and difficulties before, during, and after migration and seeking asylum affect their mental health. The present study aimed at investigating the challenges of mental health of migrant and refugee adolescents and children.
Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted in the second half of 2016 using PubMed, Scopus, Magiran, SID, and Google Scholar databases. From the 2014 studies initially selected, 20 articles that specifically attended to examining the mental health of migrant and refugee adolescents and children were finally extracted.
Results: According to previous studies, the refugee adolescents and children encounter much harm. In addition to psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, post-trauma stress disorder and psychosomatic pains, this group of refugees also suffers from a decline in flexibility and behavioral and cognitive functions. These conditions have been reported more often in refugee adolescents and children who have been separated from their parents or left far away from them.
Conclusion: Before a crisis occurs, policymakers and planners should formulate and implement educational programs along with the participation of parents and teachers in order for children to cope with conditions of disasters, and in order to promote the culture of resilience. The health system, while developing special care programs must prioritize the training of its employees in order to provide services. Most studies have attended to the incidence of symptoms of refugees’ psychological disorders, while it seems necessary to conduct intervention studies with the aim of identifying elements of risk and ways to resolve these elements.
Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted in the second half of 2016 using PubMed, Scopus, Magiran, SID, and Google Scholar databases. From the 2014 studies initially selected, 20 articles that specifically attended to examining the mental health of migrant and refugee adolescents and children were finally extracted.
Results: According to previous studies, the refugee adolescents and children encounter much harm. In addition to psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, post-trauma stress disorder and psychosomatic pains, this group of refugees also suffers from a decline in flexibility and behavioral and cognitive functions. These conditions have been reported more often in refugee adolescents and children who have been separated from their parents or left far away from them.
Conclusion: Before a crisis occurs, policymakers and planners should formulate and implement educational programs along with the participation of parents and teachers in order for children to cope with conditions of disasters, and in order to promote the culture of resilience. The health system, while developing special care programs must prioritize the training of its employees in order to provide services. Most studies have attended to the incidence of symptoms of refugees’ psychological disorders, while it seems necessary to conduct intervention studies with the aim of identifying elements of risk and ways to resolve these elements.
فهرست منابع
1. Fazel M, Reed RV, Panter Brick C, Stein A. Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high income countries: Risk and protective factors. The Lancet. 2012; 379(9812):266–82. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60051-2 [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60051-2]
2. Derluyn I, Mels C, Broekaert E. Mental health problems in separated refugee adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2009; 44(3):291–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.07.016 [DOI:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.07.016]
3. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Figures at a Glance [Internet]. 2016 [Updated 2017 June 19]. Available from: http://www.unhcr.org/figures-at-a-glance.html
4. Sirin SR, Rogers Sirin L. The educational and mental health needs of Syrian refugee children. Washington, D.C.: Migration Policy Institute; 2015.
5. Gruebner O, Lowe SR, Sampson L, Galea S. The geography of post disaster mental health: Spatial patterning of psychological vulnerability and resilience factors in New York City after Hurricane Sandy. International Journal of Health Geographics. 2015; 14(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s12942-015-0008-6 [DOI:10.1186/s12942-015-0008-6]
6. Peek L, Stough LM. Children with disabilities in the context of disaster: A social vulnerability perspective. Child Development. 2010; 81(4):1260–70. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01466.x [DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01466.x]
7. Hebebrand J, Anagnostopoulos D, Eliez S, Linse H, Pejovic-Milovancevic M, Klasen H. A first assessment of the needs of young refugees arriving in Europe: What mental health professionals need to know. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2015; 25(1):1–6. doi: 10.1007/s00787-015-0807-0 [DOI:10.1007/s00787-015-0807-0]
8. Reeves RR, Parker JD, Konkle Parker DJ. War related mental health problems of today's veterans: New clinical awareness. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services. 2016; 43(7):18-28. PMID: 16116923
9. Williams R. The psychosocial consequences for children of mass violence, terrorism and disasters. International Review of Psychiatry. 2007; 19(3):263–77. doi: 10.1080/09540260701349480 [DOI:10.1080/09540260701349480]
10. Guarnaccia PJ, Lopez S. The mental health and adjustment of immigrant and refugee children. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 1998; 7(3):537-53. [PMID]
11. Garmezy NE, Rutter ME. Stress, coping, and development in children. Paper presented at the Seminar on Stress and Coping in Children. 11 January 1979, Stanford, California, United States.
12. Bronstein I, Montgomery P. Psychological distress in refugee children: A systematic review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review. 2011; 14(1):44–56. doi: 10.1007/s10567-010-0081-0 [DOI:10.1007/s10567-010-0081-0]
13. Montgomery E. Trauma and resilience in young refugees: A 9 year follow up study. Development and Psychopathology. 2010; 22(02):477. doi: 10.1017/s0954579410000180 [DOI:10.1017/S0954579410000180]
14. Hollins K, Heydari H, Grayson K, Leavey G. The mental health and social circumstances of Kosovan Albanian and Albanian unaccompanied refugee adolescents living in London. Diversity & Equality in Health and Care. 2007; 4:277-85.
15. Bean T, Derluyn I, Eurelings Bontekoe E, Broekaert E, Spinhoven P. Comparing psychological distress, traumatic stress reactions, and experiences of unaccompanied refugee minors with experiences of adolescents accompanied by parents. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2007; 195(4):288–97. doi: 10.1097/01.nmd.0000243751.49499.93 [DOI:10.1097/01.nmd.0000243751.49499.93]
16. Fazel M, Reed RV, Panter Brick C, Stein A. Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high income countries: Risk and protective factors. The Lancet. 2012; 379(9812):266–82. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60051-2 [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60051-2]
17. Kirkcaldy BD, Shephard RJ, Siefen RG. The relationship between physical activity and self-image and problem behaviour among adolescents. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2002; 37(11):544–50. doi: 10.1007/s00127-002-0554-7 [DOI:10.1007/s00127-002-0554-7]
18. Feijen L. The challenges of ensuring protection to unaccompanied and separated children in composite flows in europe. Refugee Survey Quarterly. 2008; 27(4):63–73. doi: 10.1093/rsq/hdn049 [DOI:10.1093/rsq/hdn049]
19. Goldin S, Levin L, Persson LÅ, Hägglöf B. Stories of prewar, war and exile: Bosnian refugee children in Sweden. Medicine, Conflict and Survival. 2001; 17(1):25–47. doi: 10.1080/13623690108409553 [DOI:10.1080/13623690108409553]
20. Gerritsen AAM, Bramsen I, Devillé W, van Willigen LHM, Hovens JE, van der Ploeg HM. Physical and mental health of Afghan, Iranian and Somali asylum seekers and refugees living in the Netherlands. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2006; 41(1):18–26. doi: 10.1007/s00127-005-0003-5 [DOI:10.1007/s00127-005-0003-5]
21. Heptinstall E, Sethna V, Taylor E. PTSD and depression in refugee children. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2004; 13(6):373–80. doi: 10.1007/s00787-004-0422-y [DOI:10.1007/s00787-004-0422-y]
22. Bean TM, Eurelings Bontekoe E, Spinhoven P. Course and predictors of mental health of unaccompanied refugee minors in the Netherlands: One year follow-up. Social Science & Medicine. 2007; 64(6):1204–15. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.010 [DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.010]
23. Daud A, af Klinteberg B, Rydelius P-A. Resilience and vulnerability among refugee children of traumatized and non-traumatized parents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 2008; 2(1):7. doi: 10.1186/1753-2000-2-7 [DOI:10.1186/1753-2000-2-7]
24. Montgomery E, Foldspang A. Validity of PTSD in a sample of refugee children: Can a separate diagnostic entity be justified. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. 2006; 15(2):64–74. doi: 10.1002/mpr.186 [DOI:10.1002/mpr.186]
25. Giacaman R, Abu Rmeileh NME, Husseini A, Saab H, Boyce W. Humiliation: The invisible trauma of war for Palestinian youth. Public Health. 2007; 121(8):563–71. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2006.10.021 [DOI:10.1016/j.puhe.2006.10.021]
26. Morgos D, Worden JW, Gupta L. Psychosocial effects of war experiences among displaced children in Southern Darfur. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying. 2008; 56(3):229–53. doi: 10.2190/om.56.3.b [DOI:10.2190/OM.56.3.b]
27. Almqvist K, Broberg AG. Mental health and social adjustment in young refugee children y 3½ years after their arrival in Sweden. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 1999; 38(6):723–30. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199906000-00020 [DOI:10.1097/00004583-199906000-00020]
28. Geltman PL, Grant Knight W, Mehta SD, Lloyd Travaglini C, Lustig S, Landgraf JM, et al. The lost boys of Sudan. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 2005; 159(6):585. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.159.6.585 [DOI:10.1001/archpedi.159.6.585]
29. Hjern A, Angel B, Höjer B. Persecution and behavior: A report of refugee children from Chile. Child Abuse & Neglect. 1991; 15(3):239–48. doi: 10.1016/0145-2134(91)90068-o [DOI:10.1016/0145-2134(91)90068-O]
30. Fazel M, Wheeler J, Danesh J. Prevalence of serious mental disorder in 7000 refugees resettled in western countries: A systematic review. The Lancet. 2005; 365(9467):1309–14. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)61027-6 [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)61027-6]
31. Carswell K, Blackburn P, Barker C. The relationship between trauma, post migration problems and the psychological well being of refugees and asylum seekers. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2011; 57(2):107–19. doi: 10.1177/0020764008105699 [DOI:10.1177/0020764008105699]
32. Lindert J, Carta MG, Schäfer I, Mollica RF. Refugees mental health: A public mental health challenge. The European Journal of Public Health. 2016; 26(3):374–5. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw010 [DOI:10.1093/eurpub/ckw010]
33. Derluyn I, Broekaert E. Different perspectives on emotional and behavioural problems in unaccompanied refugee children and adolescents. Ethnicity & Health. 2007; 12(2):141–62. doi: 10.1080/13557850601002296 [DOI:10.1080/13557850601002296]
34. Thienkrua W. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among children in Tsunami Affected Areas in Southern Thailand. JAMA. 2006; 296(5):549. doi: 10.1001/jama.296.5.549 [DOI:10.1001/jama.296.5.549]
35. Hodes M, Jagdev D, Chandra N, Cunniff A. Risk and resilience for psychological distress amongst unaccompanied asylum seeking adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2008; 49(7):723–32. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01912.x [DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01912.x]
36. Reijneveld SA, de Boer JB, Bean T, Korfker DG. Unaccompanied adolescents seeking asylum. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2005; 193(11):759–61. doi: 10.1097/01.nmd.0000185870.55678.82 [DOI:10.1097/01.nmd.0000185870.55678.82]
37. Slodnjak V, Kos A, Yule W. Depression and parasuicide in refugee and Slovenian adolescents. Crisis. 2002; 23(3):127-32. doi: 10.1027//0227-5910.23.3.127 [DOI:10.1027//0227-5910.23.3.127]
38. Grgić M, Vidović V, Butković-Soldo S, Vukšić-Mihaljević Ž, Degmečić D, Laufer D. The mental health of children upon their return home after a long displacement period. Collegium Antropologicum. 2005; 29(2):537-42. PMID: 16417158 [PMID]
39. Kovacev L, Shute R. Acculturation and social support in relation to psychosocial adjustment of adolescent refugees resettled in Australia. International Journal of Behavioral Development. 2004; 28(3):259–67. doi: 10.1080/01650250344000497 [DOI:10.1080/01650250344000497]
40. Rousseau C, Drapeau A, Platt R. Family environment and emotional and behavioural symptoms in adolescent cambodian refugees: Influence of time, gender, and acculturation. Medicine, Conflict and Survival. 2004; 20(2):151–65. doi: 10.1080/1362369042000234735 [DOI:10.1080/1362369042000234735]
41. Sujoldžić A, Peternel L, Kulenović T, Terzić R. Social determinants of health: A comparative study of Bosnian adolescents in different cultural contexts. Collegium Antropologicum. 2006; 30(4):703-11. PMID: 17243537 [PMID]
42. Weine S. Family roles in refugee youth resettlement from a prevention perspective. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2008; 17(3):515–32. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2008.02.006 [DOI:10.1016/j.chc.2008.02.006]
43. Montgomery E. Long term effects of organized violence on young Middle Eastern refugees' mental health. Social Science & Medicine. 2008; 67(10):1596-603. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.07.020 [DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.07.020]
44. Ellis BH, MacDonald HZ, Lincoln AK, Cabral HJ. Mental health of Somali adolescent refugees: The role of trauma, stress, and perceived discrimination. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2008; 76(2):184–93. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.76.2.184 [DOI:10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.184]
45. Sachs J, McArthur J. The Millennium Project: A plan for meeting the Millennium Development Goals. The Lancet. 2005; 365(9456):347–53. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)17791-5 [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17791-5]
46. United Nations. Millennium development goals. New York: United Nations; 2015.
47. Rousseau C, Drapeau A, Corin E. Risk and protective factors in central American and Southeast Asian refugee children. Journal of Refugee Studies. 1998; 11(1):20–37. doi: 10.1093/jrs/11.1.20 [DOI:10.1093/jrs/11.1.20]
48. Phinney JS. Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research. Psychological Bulletin. 1990; 108(3):499–514. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.499 [DOI:10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.499]
49. Goodman JH. Coping with trauma and hardship among unaccompanied refugee youths from Sudan. Qualitative Health Research. 2004; 14(9):1177–96. doi: 10.1177/1049732304265923 [DOI:10.1177/1049732304265923]
ارسال پیام به نویسنده مسئول
| بازنشر اطلاعات | |
 |
این مقاله تحت شرایط Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License قابل بازنشر است. |
