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Rahmati R, Delam H, Keshtkaran Z, Shafiei M. Impact of COVID-19 on Women’s Psychological Well-Being: General Health, Anxiety, and Stress in Larestan, Iran. Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly 2026; 11 (2) :161-170
URL: http://hdq.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-653-fa.html

Background: Global health crises, like pandemics profoundly affect mental well-being, with women experiencing heightened challenges due to increased social and economic pressures. The COVID-19 outbreak amplified feelings of anxiety, depression, and stress among women, prompting a detailed scientific exploration. This research investigated the relationship between overall health and psychological strain among women attending healthcare centers in Larestan, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted in 2021, involved 417 women who completed assessments measuring depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21) alongside a general health evaluation (general health questionnaire–28 [GHQ-28]). Data analysis utilized statistical techniques, such as ANOVA (P<0.05), chi-square tests, and t-tests, processed using SPSS software, version 25. 
Results: Findings revealed that 41% of participants experienced typical levels of depression, while 18% reported intense anxiety, and 31% faced significant to extreme stress. The Mean±SD GHQ-28 score was 47.68±12.07, indicating compromised mental health. Strong associations emerged between GHQ-28 scores and stress (r=0.65), anxiety (r=0.69), and depression (r=0.64), all statistically significant (P<0.001). 
Discussion: The psychological toll of the epidemic is reflected in elevated levels of stress and anxiety, which are probably exacerbated by the pressure of caregiving and financial hardship. In line with reports of pandemic-related anxiety worldwide, strong correlations between GHQ and DASS scores revealed interconnected mental and physical health issues.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 outbreak markedly affected women’s psychological well-being, underscoring the necessity for specialized mental health programs within healthcare facilities. Policymakers should prioritize accessible mental health support during global crises.